Science - Chemicals

Aim: To learn the names of 10 household chemicals, their elements, and reactions with other substances.

Equipment:

1. Dishwashing Detergent

2. Lemon

3. Salt

4. Vinegar

5. Sugar

6. Air Freshener

7. Onion

8. Lemonade

9. Bleach

10. Baking Soda

Task 1: Put the chemicals in a chart with the titles - Name, Chemical ingredient(s), Image, Solid/Liquid/Gas.

Name	Chemical	Image	Solid/liquid/gas
Dishwashing Detergent	sodium phosphates and sodium carbonate		Liquid
Lemon	hydroxypropane		Solid
Salt	Sodium Chloride		Solid
Vinegar	Acetic acid		Liquid
Sugar	Sucrose		Solid
Air Freshener	phthalic acid		Gas
Onion	Syn-propanethial-S-oxide		Solid
Lemonade	Citric acid		Liquid
Bleach	NaClO		Liquid
Baking Soda	Sodium hydrogen carbonate		Solid

Compounds, Mixtures and Reactions

Aim: To combine two compounds to see if there is a reaction.

Definitions:

1. Element; A single form of a chemical
2. Compound: A mixture made up of 2 or more elements
3. Reaction: A process in which chemicals mix together to form a new substance.
4. Mixture: When two or more elements are mixed together.

Task 2: Place your household chemicals from your first chart into a second chart that has two compounds together. An example has been made below.

Note: You will need to use the internet to find out how these compounds react together.

Compounds	Method	Observation of reaction
Vinegar Baking Soda	A teaspoon of the baking soda was placed in a cup. 3 teaspoons of vinegar were then placed into the cup.	The mixture bubbled, fizzed and overflowed.

When a reaction occurs between compounds / elements there is always an end result in the form of a solid/liquid or gas. This always results in a new element being formed. For this process to occur, one of the results can be hot or cold.

Compound	Method	Observation of reaction	Why?
Vinegar Sugar	Pour half a cup of vinegar into a glass Then put in about a teaspoon of sugar into the glass and then mix	The sugar dissolves in vinegar.	The acetic acid molecules in Vinegar dissolve the sugar. But not as fast a water.
Vinegar Salt	Put Vinegar and salt together in a glass. Then put a copper in the glass and the salt and vinegar makes the coin dull.	The Salt and Vinegar make a coin dull.	Copper oxide dissolves in a mixture of weak acid and tablesalt-and vinegar is an acid.
Vinegar Baking Soda	A teaspoon of the baking soda was placed in a cup. 3 teaspoons of vinegar were then placed into the cup	The mixture bubbled, fizzed and overflowed.	Baking soda and vinegar react with each other because of an acid-base reaction. Baking soda is bicarbonate and vinegar is an acetic acid. One of the products this reaction creates is carbon dioxide.
Lemon (juice) Baking Soda	Squeeze a lemon and but the lemons juice into a bowl. Then put one tb spoon into the lemon juice then mix.	Then watch as the mixture turns to foam.	Lemon juice contains citric acid which when mixed with baking soda reacts to form carbon dioxide and sodium citrate, which causes the liquid to fizz and bubble.
Salt   Baking soda	Half a cup of baking soda and about a tablespoon of salt	Carbon dioxide will be made. When added with liquid.	It will not react until a liquid is added then it will make carbon dioxide gas immediately.

Task 3: What is the reaction that results when these compounds are mixed?

1. Golden syrup and Baking Soda:

The acid in the vinegar (golden syrup) reacts with the sodium bicarbonate in baking soda to form an unstable carbonic acid which breaks down and creates carbon dioxide. The bubbles that you see from the reaction are the carbon dioxide escaping the solution that is left

2. Baking Soda and Vinegar:

Baking soda and vinegar react with each other because of an acid-base reaction. Baking soda is a bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and vinegar is an acetic acid (HCH3COO). One of the products this reaction creates is carbon dioxide.

3. Bleach and Vinegar:

Bleach + Vinegar = Toxic Chlorine Gas. While the combination does create a good disinfectant, these two common cleaning agents should never be used at the same time. Why: Adding any weak acid to bleach will release toxic chlorine and chloramine vapors.

4. Gummy Bears and Potassium chlorate:

In this experiment, a demonstration of a sponta

neous exothermic reaction will take place between a gummy bear and molten potassium chlorate. Once the potassium chlorate has been melted in a test tube, a gummy bear will be dropped to his doom and flames will burst out of the tube as a result.