10 Science - DNA Extraction Experiment

 DNA Extraction Experiment

Aim: 

Extracting DNA from a kiwi fruit.

Method:

1. Mush half a kiwi fruit in a zip lock bag with a splash of water and a small teaspoon of salt.

2. Strain the solution through a cloth into a beaker.

3. Add a squirt of dishwashing liquid and stir.

4. Pour into a test tube. 

5. Place the test tube in a beaker filled with WARM water.

6. Leave for 10 mins.

7. Slowly pour 5mL of methylated spirits down the side of the test tube.

Results:

Discussion:

Where do you find DNA?

DNA can be found in the nucleus.

What makes up DNA?

DNA is made of nucleotides, made in three parts;  a phosphate group, a sugar group and one of four types of nitrogen bases.

Conclusion:

Experiment did work because the kiwi fruit DNA separated from the kiwi fruit. I wouldn’t do anything different because the experiment worked.

10 Science - Wind Racer

 Aim:

To make a wind racer.

Research:

The internet

Equipment:

-Trolley

-Bamboo/metal rod

-Cardboard

-Newspaper

-Tape

-String

-Plastic Bag

-Popsicle Sticks

Method:

1.Put the metal rod in the trolley.

2.Cut pieces of material into squares.

3.Draw on the paper for creativity.

4.Gather and cut pieces of tape and string.

5.Stick the materials to the metal rod.

Result:

Discussion: 

What forces were acting on it?

The four forces acting on the wind racer were:

Gravity: The wind racer didn't fly in the sky, and the wind made it fall over.

Support:The ground kept the wind racer up.

Push: The leaf blower pushed the wind racer.

Pull: The wind racer stopped.

Why did it slow down?

The wind racer slowed down because the leaf blower was too far away so the wind coming out of it didn’t reach it.

Conclusion:

The wind racer worked but not very well.

Did it work?

The wind racer did work, but not that well. At first it fell over then the second time it went further.

What would you do differently?

Make the wind racer better in terms of: Structure, design and wind resistance. I would also use the leaf blower better and put the wind racer further away from the garden.

10 Science - Testing for Hydrogen Gas

 Testing for Hydrogen Gas 

Aim: To show that hydrogen gas is produced when a metal reacts with acid.

Method: 

1. Add your sample of metal to your test tube. Add 2ml of acid.

2. Carefully invert the boiling tube above the test tube containing the metal and acid.

3. Hold the test tubes together for a few minutes, allowing time for the inverted boiling tube to fill with gas.

4. When you think the tube is full, Mr Heath should light the wooden splint.

5. Carefully, but quickly, tilt the boiling tube full of gas upwards and insert the burning splint into the mouth of the test tube.

Results:

It made a popping sound.

Discussion: 

When the reactants (Metal + Acid) mixed together it resulted in two products (Metal Salt + Hydrogen). Because we trapped the Hydrogen gas into the test tubes it started to heat up and bubble. Because of this we knew that it was ready to have the splint put into it. When the splint was put in the test tube it reacted with the Hydrogen gas resulting in the popping sound.

Conclusion:

The experiment worked because the end result was a popping sound. I wouldn’t change anything because I am satisfied with the results.

10 Science - Neutralisation

 Neutralisation

Aim: To observe a neutralisation reaction.

Method: 

1. Get a test tube rack, 6 test tubes, acid, base and universal indicator.

2. Fill 4 test tubes with 3mL of acid.

3. Fill 2 test tubes with 3mL of base.

4. Add a squirt of universal indicator to each.

5. Add different amounts of acid and base to make the colours of the rainbow (ROYGBI)

Results: 

Discussion: 

We started with 4 red test tubes and 2 blue test tubes, but by the end of the experiment we ended up with  colours of the rainbow (ROYGBI). We did this by neutralizing some of the acid by adding base into it to make orange, yellow, and green. For the 1 of the base we add acid to make it a lighter shade of blue. 

Conclusion:

This experiment did work because we were able to neutralise the acids and bases to make the colours of the rainbow.

10 Science - Testing pH

 Testing pH

Aim: To test the pH of a range of household chemicals.

Method:

1. Add a few drops of each chemical toa spot on your spotting tile. If a substance is solid or powdered you will need to mix it with a few drops of water before testing it.

2. Test the chemicals with litmus paper.

3. Test each chemical with a few drops of Universal indicator.

Results:

Chemical Being Tested	Colour in blue litmus	Colour in red litmus	Colour in Universal indicator
Dishwashing Liquid	Blue	Violet	Green
Vinegar	Red	Red	Red
Toilet Cleaner	Red	Red	Red
Spray and WIpe	Indigo	Indigo	Blue

Conclusion:

Chemical being Tested	Acid or base	Evidence from investigation
Dishwashing Liquid	Weak base	The blue litmus was blue, the red litmus was violet and the UI was green.
Vinegar	Weak acid	They were light red almost orange.
Toilet cleaner	Strong acid	Both the litmus and Universal Indicator Were dark red.
Spray and wipe	Strong base	Both of the litmus and Universal Indicator were a dark blue/ Indigo.

10 Science - Model Atom

 Model Atom

Aim: To make a model atom.

Method: 

1. Choose an atom to make (one between Hydrogen and Neon)

2. Work out how many protons, neutrons and electrons it has.

3. Assign protons and neutrons to a particular colour bead.

4. Get a ball of blue tac and stick the protons and neutrons to this to make your nucleus.

5. Cut out the appropriate electron shells and draw on the electrons with vivid.

6. Connect the nucleus and electron shells with a piece of string.

7. Create a label to go above the model so people know what you have created.

Result:

Discussion:

I made a carbon atom model. It had the atomic number of 6 and the mass number of 12. It has 6 protons, 6 electrons and 6 neutrons. There are 2 electrons in the smaller ring and 4 electrons in the bigger ring. Carbon makes up about 0.025 percent of Earth's crust. It is sometimes considered in the metalloid element category. 

Conclusion: 

The model atom did work. There is nothing that would need to be done differently.

Digestive Organ Research

 Digestive Organ Research

Heart Dissection

Heart Dissection

What are we learning about?

In science we are learning about the heart and the circulatory system. 

Why are we dissecting heart?

We dissected a heart to look at the insides of the heart.

What are the parts of the heart? Did you see them?

When dissecting the heart we saw the valve, vertical, part of the arteries, and the septum.

Did you enjoy the dissection? Why/why not?

At the start I did enjoy the dissection because I like cutting the heart. By the end the dissection it was less enjoyable because of the smell and the blood that was on my gloves.

Bones (Hands)

Bones (Hands)

In science we have been looking and bones in the human body. This week we were looking at the hand and the things it is made out of: bones, joints, tendons, ligaments and muscles. 

The straws on the hand represent the bones that make up the hand. The string going through the strings represent the tendons. Three straws on each finger except the thumb to represent the bones in the fingers.

Bones:The bones in our body gives up structure without them our bodies would have no support. 

Joints: Joints are where two bones meet. They make the skeleton flexible without them, movement would be impossible.  

Tendons: Tendons connect muscles to bones, allowing us to move.

Ligament: Ligaments help to hold things in place.

Muscles: Muscles function to produce force and motion.

Algebra in Science

Algebra in Science

Summary: In this Hurumanu, we have been learning how to solve algebra and geometry. Angles, tessellations, rotation, reflection ect. This has helped us understand geometer better.  

Reflection: What I like about this Hurumanu is that the teacher made it easy to understand what to do. Also when we did not understand he help us and encouraged us to get better.

Here is our slideshow showcasing our learning in algebra:



We showcased our learning of algebra with using the formula of speed. V=d/t (Velocity = Distance/Time). We flew paper planes and divided the distance they travel by the speed they travel. Some that it equals how many meters per second the plane could travel.

Lemon Power

Lemon Power:

Voltage: The energy that electrons get from a power supply.

Current: The movement of electrons.

Aim: To create voltage out of a lemon.

Method: 

• Roll the lemon out so the inside is liquidy.
• Stick a piece of zinc and copper into the lemon.
• Connect the lemon up to a voltmeter.

Results: 

One lemon: 1 voltage

Two lemons: 2 volts

All of the lemons: 2.3 volts

Discussion: When we rolled the lemon we made the inside liquidy. Because we rolled the lemon we freed the acidicly charged particles. The acidicly charged particles moved around creating a current. More lemons more acidicly charged particle meaning more voltage.

Conclusion: This experiment worked showing how a lemon can create voltage. Next time I would try to make sure the lemon doesn't leak so much.

Huruman 3 - Evaporation

Evaporation

Last week in science we learnt that a solute cannot be filtered from a solution once it has been dissolved.

Why can’t a dissolved solute be filtered?

A dissolved solute can not be filtered because the solute has been dissolved. Meaning that the solute particles are the same as the other material used. So they cannot be separated after that.

What is evaporation?

Evaporation is a process when a liquid turns into a gas. 

How can evaporation be used to separate a solute from a solvent in a solution?

If the solute is salt and the solvent is water then we can separate the salt and water with heat. When heat is added it makes the solvent (water) turn into gas. Leave the solute (salt) behind making the two now separated. 

Hurumanu 3 - Solubility Experiment

Solubility Experiment 

Aim: To see if Salt or Baking Soda dissolves more in water.

Hypothesis: I think that Baking Soda will dissolve more than Salt.

Equipment: A 250 mL beaker, 100 mL measuring cylinder, salt, baking soda, a stirring rod, a teaspoon and a ruler.

Method:

1. Fill the beaker with 100 mL of tap water.

2. Add a level teaspoon of baking soda. (A level teaspoon is obtained by running your ruler across the teaspoon).

3. Stir the solution until all of the baking soda has dissolved.

4. Repeat step 2 and 3 until no more baking soda will dissolve into the solution.

5. Record how many teaspoons of baking soda were added.

6. Repeat the experiment, with the table salt.

Results: 

Solute	Number of teaspoons that dissolve in 80 ml of water
Baking soda	3
Salt	3

Discussion: This experiment involved dissolving baking soda and salt in water. We pour 1 tea spoon at a time into the water to see how many teaspoons it took until it stopped dissolving.

Conclusion: I thought that salt would dissolve more than baking soda. But my hypothesis was incorrect but the overall experiment was a success. 

Climate Change and The Future

Aim; To look at the different ways we can prevent climate change in the future.

Changing Our Future

Name 3 fossil fuels?
Coal
Oil
Gas

What is the cost?
Carbon Dioxide

The CO2 level has soured since when?
Industrial Revulsion.

What are the effects in the UK?

1.    Hot Days
2.    Heat Waves
3.    Species Could disappear.

How many climate refugees will there be in Britain by 2050?

200 million

When will Fairborn be flooded?

26 years

What are some of the other things that will be 'swallowed by the waves'?

1.   1.5m homes in England at risk of flooding by 2080
2.   1000 toxic sites at risk
3.  100,00 homes at risk of coastal erosion.

How can we stop climate change?

1.    Replacing gas boilers in homes into something renewable.
2.    Run every car on some clean energy
3.     Plant 1.5 billion trees

What ideas are school children having about climate change?

1.   That they will die of climate change and not old age.
2.   Having a protest.
3.   Speaking up about climate change to politicians.
4.   Them not wanting to have kids of their own.

What is the atmosphere called?

a __Waste__ __Dump__.

What is the last statement the reporter made?

We know what we need to do, we have got the__technology__. What we lack is the

 __political__ will__.

How is sea level rise going to effect us in NZ

What places will be effected?

Veracious places in New Zealand.

What else do we need to think about?

People and new areas for them to leave.

What other places around NZ will be affected?

The pacific Islands.

What does this do to our drinking water?

Makes it Salt water.

What are the main concerns?

1. Coastal Erosion  
2. Coastal Flooding

What can we do to prevent climate change?

What can we do?

1.  Use less fossil fuels by using public transport. 
2.  Buy an electric car.   
3.  Design a house in a Eco friendly way.

Curbing climate change

What is the one, silver bullet solution?

There is no one silver bullet.

What is the mix of things we need to start doing?

1.   Renewable energy
2.   Solar heating
3.   Transport away from vehicles using fossil fuels and toward more electric vehicles.

What are 3 others you can think of?

1.   Walk to places not drive
2.   Recycle
3.   Reduce, Reuse, Repair.

My Investigation

Where does our food come from?

• Choose your favourite food.

1. Upload a picture of it. 
2. Draw a picture of it on A4.    

On your blog answer the following questions.

• Where does the food come from (e.g. is it from another province or country, was it purchased or made locally)? 

Pizza is from Italy

Butter Chicken is from India

• How many kilometers away did the food travel to get to you?

Pizza - 18,419,71 km

Butter Chicken- 12,010,12 km

• What are the main ingredients? 

Pizza- 

Cheese

Tomato Sauce

Dough

Butter Chicken - 

Chicken 

Rice 

Naan

• How is the food packaged? 

Pizza- In a box.

Butter Chicken- In a container or on a plate.

• What resources do you need to produce this food item (e.g. land, water, oil, food, etc.)? 

Pizza- 

• Wheat for the Crust. Pizza crust is made from wheat. Farmers plant tiny wheat kernels, or seeds, in the ground using a drill. 
• Tomatoes for the Sauce. Pizza sauce is made from tomatoes. Tomato plants take 75 to 85 days to produce ripe fruit. 
• Cheese from milk.

Butter Chicken - 

Chicken, 

Butter from milk.

Yogurt from milk.

Spice.

Green chillies that farmers plant takes about  2 to 4 weeks to grow.

Coriander that farmer plant takes about 7 to 9 days to grow.

• Would this item have been processed? 

Pizza- Some box pizza is processed and is more likely to have unhealthy ingredients.

Butter chicken- Butter Chicken is processed till it is very smooth.

• Is there anything unique or significant about the food item (e.g. fair-trade, local)? 

Pizza- Some pizzas are unique like New York they are known to have thin pizza with a lot of cheese. So in some ways in different places pizza is unique.

Butter Chicken- It is unique by it's flavour and spice. Also the fact that it was a accidental discovery.

• What else do you notice about this food that affects its climate friendliness? 

Pizza- The fact that pizza needs livestock to make it mean that it is contributing to the 18 percent of green house gas.

Butter Chicken- This contributes kind of like pizza because butter chicken needs livestock it to is contributing to the 18 percent of green house gas.

• Do you think this food is climate friendly (Circle)?       YES   NO ? 

• Why?
• Because for both I am not sure.
•